What do you know about migration and integration?

Correct answer: Three times as large. Remittances by migrants to their countries of origin is three times as large as global aid and is a significant part of many countries' GDP. Migration to richer parts of the world thus leads to development in the poorer ones. In the report International migration and remittances in Ethiopia (2015:1) the author dig deeper into Swedish-Ethiopian remittances. For more knowledge about how migration and development are connected, we recommend the Research Overview Migration and Development (2019:5).

Source: 
COVID-19 spending helped to lift foreign aid to an all-time high in 2020 but more effort needed (OECD).

Defying Predictions, Remittance Flows Remain Strong During COVID-19 Crisis (The World Bank).

Migration and Development Brief 34 (KNOMAD).

Correct answer: Germany. In 2015 alone, Germany received 890 000 asylum seekers and granted more than half of all asylum decisions in the EU in 2016 and 2017. However, Austria was the country that received the most refugees, but without granting so many asylum applications. Sweden granted the most asylum decisions in relation to the population. European Asylum Challenges, Debates and Reforms (2021:X) provide an in-depth description of the asylum systems in Germany, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden, how they experienced the increased number of asylum applications and how they have tried to reform the asylum system since then.

Correct answer: Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2015, most refugees came from Syria. Nearly half of Syria's population has been forced to leave their homes. Of the more than four million people who have left the country, between four and six percent have gone to Europe. The report The choice and the path: An interview study with newly arrived Syrians in Sweden (2015:8) explores which factors influenced the choice of Sweden as a destination country, what expectations the interviewees had before arrival and how they experience their current situation and future prospects.

In Delmis AMIF-funded report Those who were sent back: Return and reintegration of rejected asylum seekers to Afghanistan and Iraq (2021:10), we interviewed 100 migrants who have returned voluntarily and involuntarily from Sweden to Afghanistan and to Iraq.

Source: Det stora antalet asylsökande under 2015 ökade inte flyktinginvandringen nämnvärt (SCB).

Correct answer: Family-based immigration. Since the 1980s, family-based immigration has been the most common reason why people from countries outside the Nordic region are granted the right to reside in Sweden. More than half of all granted residence permits in 2020 were for family-based immigration or for individuals with close family ties. Of these about 50 000 residence permits, 11 percent were relatives of someone who had received a residence permit for asylum reasons. Other groups include adoption, children born in Sweden to parents with a permanent residence permit and relatives of people who have immigrated to Sweden for labour. The report Family, Citizenship, Migration – Sweden’s policy on family immigration in a comparative perspective (2018:5) highlights the changes in Swedish policy on family-based immigration from EU law and other countries' regulations.

Source: Hur många kommer som anhöriginvandrare till Sverige? (Migrationsinfo.se).

Correct answer: 12 991. Approximately 13 000 people applied for asylum in Sweden in 2020, which is the lowest number in twenty years. The most common nationalities among asylum seekers were Syria, Uzbekistan, and Iraq. In the same year, the Swedish Migration Agency decided on 20 980 asylum cases (first-time applications). The approval rate was 29 percent in relation to the rejection rate. Almost every tenth person in Sweden has experience of applying for asylum or has come here as a close relative of an asylum seeker. Read more about asylum seekers 'own experiences of the asylum process in the report Asylum seekers' meeting with Sweden (2018:8).

On February 24, 2022, Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine began. Since then, millions of people have fled within the country and to other European countries. The Policy Brief How large will the Ukrainian refugee flow be, and which EU countries will they seek refuge in? (2022:3) analyzes, among other things, how many may flee to Sweden.

Source: Färre bevil­jade uppe­hålls­till­stånd 2020 (Migrationsverket).

Correct answer: Thailand, India, and Ukraine. Sweden is facing great labour needs, and many people from different parts of the world come to Sweden to work. The most common country for labour migrants is Thailand, followed by India and Ukraine. Thai migrant workers are often seasonal workers. Read more about their working conditions in the report Thai berry pickers in Sweden - A migration corridor to a low-wage sector (2019:3). Another recommendation is Labour from all over the world: What happened with the 2008 reform? (2015:9) that sheds light on questions such as why labour immigrants come to Sweden in particular and under what conditions they work.

Source: Arbetskraftsinvandring (Migrationsinfo.se).

Correct answer: 85 percent. There is a perception that most people flee to rich countries, but according to UNHCR, 85 percent of all refugees are in a developing country. 73 percent of the world's refugees have sought refuge in a neighbouring country. Most refugees live in Turkey (3.7 million), Colombia (1.7 million), Uganda (1.5 million), Pakistan (1.4 million) and Germany (1.2 million.). In Delmi’s Research Overview Migration within and from Africa (2016:5) we have collected research on migration between different African countries and migration to other continents. In Migration in numbers (only available in Swedish), you can also see the distribution of international migrants in the world.

Source: Fakta om flyktingar i världen (Sverige för UNHCR).

Correct answer: 71 SEK. The daily allowance is different depending on whether you choose to live in one of the Swedish Migration Agency's accommodations where food is included or in accommodation where food is not included. An adult single person who lives in their own home receives SEK 71/day. If you live with other adults and share household expenses, the allowance is instead SEK 61/day. If you have children, you also receive allowance. Read more about the different rules for daily allowance on the Swedish Migration Agency's website.

Previous studies indicate that the willingness to pay taxes decreases if the welfare state is primarily perceived as benefiting immigrants. Delmi's Policy Brief Immigration and the welfare state (2021:7) examines the native population's willingness to contribute to the welfare state and share it with immigrants in need of support.

Source: Ekono­miskt stöd för asyl­sö­kande (Migrationsverket).

Correct answer: 74 percent. The voter turnout was 90 percent for domestic-born and 74 percent for foreign-born. If you also include eligible foreign-born people who do not have Swedish citizenship, the number will be significantly lower. Read more about who can vote at Valmyndigheten. The result in Voter participation and political respresentation (2017:7) shows that foreign born take part in elections to a much lesser degree than domestic born and that there are differences between domestic born with two parents born abroad and other domestic born. On the page Migration in numbers (only available in Swedish), you can see the voter turnout among Swedish citizens by region of birth and election year (2002–2019).

Source: Analys av valdeltagande vid de allmänna valen 2018 (SCB).